大学英语四级考试中,翻译部分可以采用的方法众多,下面我们看看四种常见的翻译方法:
1.修饰后置 修饰部分放在后面,用which引导定语从句
这个句子的主干是“功夫是武术形式”,而“世界上练得最多的”则是修饰“武术形式”的定语,其翻译为定语从句最为合适:Kung Fu is the form of martial art which is practiced the most throughout the world.
Key: Wuzhen is a museum which displays an ancient civilization.
2.插入语 一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系,将它删掉之后,句子结构仍然完整。
例子:中国结 (the Chinese knot) 最初是由手工艺人发明的,经过数百年不断的改进,已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
最初是由手工艺人发明的可以插入语的形式来翻译,句子的主干是中国结已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
The Chinese knot, originally invented by craftsman, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft after hundred years of improvement.
黄河发源于青海,流经九个省份,最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。
Key: The Yellow River, one of several rivers for China to live on, originates from Qinghai, flows through nine provinces, and finally pours into the Bohai Sea.
3.非限定性从句 起补充说明作用,缺少不会影响全句的理解,在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
例子:中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。
Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years, which was particularly widespread during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣,这是近年来的新趋势。
Key: More and more Chinese young people are getting interested in traveling, which is a new trend recently.
4.无主句的翻译 无主句是现代汉语语法的术语,是非主谓句的一种, 是指根本没有主语的句子。在汉语里无主句比比皆是,但是在英语里一个句子是不可能没有主语的,这种句子该怎么翻译呢? 通常有三种处理方法:1. 添加主语。2. 使用被动句。 3. 使用there be句型。其中使用被动语态最为地道。
例子:历代都有名匠、名品产生,形成了深厚的文化积淀。
We can see famous craftsmen and fine works in each dynasty, which has formed a deep cultural accumulation
Key: The annual Mandarin Speech Contest for Foreigners has been held in Changsha this year.