n. 挑战；怀疑
参考例句：This examination is a real
challenge
.（这次考试是一次真正的挑战。）
Their legal
challenge
was unsuccessful.（他们的法律质疑未获成功。 ）
v. 向…挑战；反对；刺激，激发
参考例句：I
challenged
him in the contest.（我在竞赛中向他提起挑战。）
The new position
challenge
him to study still harder during his spare time.（那个新职位激发他在业余时间更加努力学习。）
四级真题：
（2011年12月——深度阅读）
Finding the resources to meet this demand in a stable sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major _
49
_ of the 21st century.
答案：challenges
v. 包含；可容纳；控制…；可被…除尽
参考例句：Corn and potatoes
contain
much starch.（玉米和马铃薯含有大量淀粉。）
Can't you
contain
your enthusiasm? （你不能控制一下你的热情吗？）
四级真题：
（2011年6月——完形填空）
“The more we learn, the more amazed we are by the wealth of essential substances they _
79
_," Van Horn continues, "and how they interact with each other to keep us healthy."
79. A)retain B)contain C)attain D)maintain
答案：B) contain
v. 聚集；收拢；采集
参考例句：The crowd is
gathering
.（人群正在聚集。）
Please
gather
me some flowers.（请给我采几束花来。）
四级真题：
（2012年6月——深度阅读）
It’s the kind of work that’s done every day at St. Andrew’s Episcopal Church in San Antonio, People who
50
at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each month aren’t looking for God-they’re there for something to eat.
答案：gather
v.&n. 增加，增大，增强
参考例句：I'd like to
increase
my vocabulary.（我想增大的我词汇量。）
The
increase
in the human population magnifies the rubbish and garbage problem.（人口增长加剧了垃圾问题。）
四级真题：
（2012年6月——完形填空）
For example, when people reflect on hurtful memories and grudges(怨恨)，they show negative physiological(生理的) effects, including
86
heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they reflect on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving.
86. A)added B)toughened C)strengthened D)increased
答案：D)increased
v. 阻止…；妨碍…
参考例句：This discrepancy will
prevent
me from obtaining a visa.（因为这一差错，我将得不到签证。）
We recognized the possibility and took steps to
prevent
it happening.（我们认识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施。）
四级真题：
（2011年6月——完形填空）
"But now we have a different understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to __71__ not only heart disease but disease in general," she adds.
71. A)rescue B)prevent C)forbid D)offend
答案：B)prevent
